Neonatal care units in sub-Saharan Africa face a silent but devastating crisis: antimicrobial resistance. A multicenter study conducted across 60 neonatal units in 12 countries, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, reveals that 40% of hospital-acquired infections in newborns are caused by bacteria resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. The study, named NeoAMR-Africa, followed 8,500 hospitalized newborns over a two-year period. Results show an attributable mortality rate from multidrug-resistant infections of 18%, three times higher than that observed in antibiotic-susceptible infections. The deadliest pathogens include carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Professor Iruka Okeke, microbiologist at the University of Ibadan and study co-author, stated that "every day, African newborns die from infections that would be easily treatable with effective antibiotics. This is a fundamental health injustice." She advocated for integrating AMR surveillance into maternal and neonatal health programs. Key recommendations from the study include strengthening hospital hygiene practices, establishing antibiotic stewardship committees in every referral maternity unit, and investing in continuous training for healthcare workers. WHO has announced a dedicated technical support program for 25 priority countries.